结构性植骨全髋关节置换在成人高位先天性髋关节脱位中的应用Total hip arthroplasty with structural bone-grafting for high congenital dislocation of adult hip
高曙光;雷光华;李康华;胡懿合;朱勇;廖前德;
摘要(Abstract):
[目的]探讨结构性植骨全髋关节置换治疗成人高位先天性髋关节脱位的临床疗效。[方法]2003年8月~2006年10月,采用结构性植骨全髋置换治疗成人高位先髋脱位22例,29髋。男10例,女12例。左13例,右16例,年龄平均34.6岁(23~42岁)。临床症状主要为患髋疼痛、不稳定和跛行。术前Harris评分平均为46.8分,双下肢长度差异平均为3.8cm,股骨头脱位高度平均为3.9cm,髋关节平均活动度:屈曲66.5°,外展23.8°,外旋20.4°,内旋5.3°。术中臼杯均安装于真臼处,自体股骨头结构性植骨使臼杯完全覆盖,充分软组织松解后髋关节复位。髋臼侧选用骨水泥假体18髋、小髋臼生物型假体5髋和普通生物型髋臼6髋;股骨侧选用生物型假体10髋、普通骨水泥假体13髋、窄直柄水泥假体柄4髋和长柄骨水泥假体柄2髋。观察手术时间、出血量、关节活动度、双下肢长度差异、并发症等并进行Harris关节功能评分。[结果]本组平均手术时间95min(70~135min),出血400ml(300~650ml);伤口均一期愈合,无1例感染;术后1周X线片示假体位置良好,人工髋臼外展角平均为48.6°,前倾角平均13.2°。本组22例均获随访,随访时间平均17.6个月(10~47个月),Harris评分平均89.2分(72~93分);髋关节平均活动度:屈曲115.3°,外展44.6°,外旋49.5°,内旋26.8°。双下肢长度差异平均1.2cm,2例术后股神经麻痹,术后4个月内恢复。随访期间未见明显植骨块吸收、假体松动和脱位。[结论]结构性植骨全髋关节置换是治疗成人高位先天性髋关节脱位的一种有效方法,很大程度地改善了患者的症状、功能和外形。结构性植骨可提供良好的髋臼覆盖,恢复髋关节旋转中心高度并可保留骨盆骨量。脱位高度小于4cm经软组织充分松解后能下拉复位,不会造成股神经及坐骨神经永久性麻痹。
关键词(KeyWords): 全髋关节置换术;髋关节脱位;先天性;结构性植骨
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 高曙光;雷光华;李康华;胡懿合;朱勇;廖前德;
Email:
DOI:
参考文献(References):
- [1]曹力,郭海龙,普拉提,等.非骨水泥型全髋关节置换治疗成人高位发育性髋脱位[J].中华骨科杂志,2004,24:557-560.
- [2]Cameron HU,Eren OT,Solomon M.Nerve injury in the prosthetic management of the dysplastic hip[J].Orthopedics,1998,21:980-981.
- [3]Kerboull M,Hamadouche M,Kerbouil L.Total hip arthroplasty for crowe typeⅣdevelopmental hip dysplasia:a long-term follow-up study[J].J Arthroplasty,2001,16:170-176.
- [4]Anderson MJ,Harris WH.Total hip arthroplasty with insertion of the acetabular component without cement in hips with total congenital dis-location or marked congenital dysplasia[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,1999,81:347-354.
- [5]Pagnano W,Hanssen AD,Lewallen DG,et al.The effect of superior placement of the acetabular component on the rate of loosening after to-tal hip arthroplasty[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,1996,78:1004-1014.
- [6]肖骏,王岩,周勇刚,等.髋臼内下移小臼解剖位安放全髋关节置换术治疗成人髋臼发育不良伴骨性关节炎[J].临床外科杂志,2005,13:652-653.
- [7]宋展昭,徐朋,张伟,等.髋臼加深全髋置换治疗成人先天髋臼发育不良[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2001,8:844-846.
- [8]Ito H,Matsuno T,Minami A,et al.Intermediate-term results after hybrid total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of dysplastic hips[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,2003,85:1725-1732.
- [9]Kobayashi S,Saito N,Nawata M,et al.Total hip arthroplasty with bulk femoral head autografi for acetabular reconstruction in DDH.Sur-gical technique[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,2004,8:11-17.