小儿骨关节感染研究的新进展
张先慧;谭慧英;
摘要(Abstract):
<正>近年来,小儿骨关节感染率是增加还是降低一直是人们争议的话题,有些人报道了其感染率有了显著地增加[1],在过去20年里,骨髓炎发病率增加了2.8倍,而化脓性关节炎的发病率保持不变[2]。在发达国家,骨髓炎的患病率为每10万儿童中有2~3例[2-3]。在发展中国家,骨髓炎的患病率更高[1,4]。骨髓炎的患病率大约是化脓性关节炎的2倍,男女性别比例基本相等,诊断的平均年龄为6.6岁[1]。然而,也有可
关键词(KeyWords): 儿童;化脓性关节炎;骨髓炎;治疗
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 张先慧;谭慧英;
Email:
DOI:
参考文献(References):
- [1]Dartnell J,Ramachandran M,Katchburian M.Haematogenous acute and subacute paediatric osteomyelitis:a systematic review of the literature[J].J Bone Joint Surg Br,2012,94:584-595.
- [2]Gafur OA,Copley LA,Hollmig ST,et al.The impact of the current epidemiology of pediatric musculoskeletal infection on evaluation and treatment guidelines[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2008,28:777-785.
- [3]Riise OR,Kirkhus E,Handeland KS,et al.Childhood osteomyelitisincidence and differentiation from other acute onset musculoskeletal features in a population-based study[J].BMC Pediatr,2008,8:45.
- [4]Rossaak M,Pitto RP.Osteomyelitis in Polynesian children[J].Int Orthop,2005,29:55-58.
- [5]Copley LA.Pediatric musculoskeletal infection:trends and antibiotic recommendations[J].J Am Acad Orthop Surg,2009,17:618-626.
- [6]Chen WL,Chang WN,Chen YS,et al.Acute community-acquired osteoarticular infections in children:high incidence of concomitant bone and joint involvement[J].J Microbiol Immunol Infect,2010,43:332-338.
- [7]Ceroni D,Cherkaoui A,Ferey S,et al.Kingella kingae osteoarticular infections in young children:clinical features and contribution of a new specific real-time PCR assay to the diagnosis[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2010,30:301-304.
- [8]Basmaci R,Lorrot M,Bidet P,et al.Comparison of clinical and biologic features of Kingella kingae and staphylococcus aureus arthritis at initial evaluation[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J,2011,30:902-904.
- [9]Ceroni D,Cherkaoui A,Combescure C,et al.Differentiating osteoarticular infections caused by Kingella kingae from those due to typical pathogens in young children[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J,2011,30:906-909.
- [10]Howard AW,Viskontas D,Sabbagh C.Reduction in osteomyelitis and septic arthritis related to haemophilus influenzae type B vaccination[J].J Pediatr Orthop,1999,19:705-709.
- [11]Al Zamil F,Al Saadi M,Bokhary NA.The clinical profile of childhood osteomyelitis:a Saudi experience[J].J Pediatr Infect Dis,2008,3:235-240.
- [12]Peltola H,Paakkonen M,Kallio P,et al.OM-SA Study Group.Clindamycin vs.first-generation cephalosporins for acute osteoarticular infections of childhood:a prospective quasi-randomized controlled trial[J].Clin Microbiol Infect,2012,18:582-589.
- [13]Arnold SR,Elias D,Buckingham SC,et al.Changing patterns of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and septic arthritis:emergence of community associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2006,26:703-708.
- [14]Dohin B,Gillet Y,Kohler R,et al.Pediatric bone and joint infections caused by panton-valentine leukocidin-positive staphylococcus aureus[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J,2007,26:1042-1048.
- [15]Otto M.MRSA virulence and spread[J].Cell Microbiol,2012,14:1513-1521.
- [16]Robertson AJ,Firth GB,Truda C,et al.Epidemiology of acute osteoarticular sepsis in a setting with a high prevalence of pediatric HIV infection[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2012,32:215-219.
- [17]Vieira RL,Levy JA.Bedside ultrasonography to identify hip effusions in pediatric patients[J].Ann Emerg Med,2010,55:284-289.
- [18]Tsung JW,Blaivas M.Emergency department diagnosis of pediatric hip effusion and guided arthrocentesis using point-of-care ultrasound[J].J Emerg Med,2008,35:393-399.
- [19]Browne LP,Mason EO,Kaplan SL,et al.Optimal imaging strategy for community-acquired staphylococcus aureus musculoskeletal infections in children[J].Pediatr Radiol,2008,38:841-847.
- [20]Browne LP,Guillerman RP,Orth RC,et al.Community-acquired staphylococcal musculoskeletal infection in infants and young children:necessity of contrast-enhanced MRI for the diagnosis of growth cartilage involvement[J].Am J Roentgenol,2012,198:194-199.
- [21]Kanavaki A,Ceroni D,Tchernin D,et al.Can early MRI distinguish between Kingella kingae and Gram-positive cocci in osteoarticular infections in young children[J].Pediatr Radiol,2012,42:57-62.
- [22]Warmann SW,Dittmann H,Seitz G,et al.Follow-up of acute osteomyelitis in children:the possible role of PET/CT in selected cases[J].J Pediatr Surg,2011,46:1550-1556.
- [23]Paakkonen M,Kallio MJ,Kallio PE,et al.Sensitivity of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in childhood bone and joint infections[J].Clin Orthop,2010,468:861-866.
- [24]Chometon S,Benito Y,Chaker M,et al.Specific real-time polymerase chain reaction places Kingella kingae as the most common cause of osteoarticular infections in young children[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J,2007,26:377-381.
- [25]Weiss S,Geiss H,Kommerell M,et al.Improving the diagnosis of septic arthritis by use of a pediatric blood culture system[J].Orthopade,2006,35:458-462.
- [26]Basmaci R,Ilharreborde B,Bidet P,et al.Isolation of Kingella kingae in the oropharynx during K.kingae arthritis in children[J].Clin Microbiol Infect,2012,18:134-136.
- [27]Lehours P,Freydiere AM,Richer O,et al.The rtxA toxin gene of Kingella kingae:a pertinent target for molecular diagnosis of osteoarticular infections[J].J Clin Microbiol,2011,49:1245-1250.
- [28]Carpenter CR,Schuur JD,Everett WW,et al.Evidencebased diagnostics:adult septic arthritis[J].Acad Emerg Med,2011,18:781-796.
- [29]Jagodzinski NA,Kanwar R,Graham K,et al.Prospective evaluation of a shortened regimen of treatment for acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2009,29:518-525.
- [30]Peltola H,Paakkonen M,Kallio P,et al.Osteomyelitis-Septic Arthritis Study Group.Short-versus long-term antimicrobial treatment for acutehematogenous osteomyelitis of childhood:prospective,randomized trial on 131 culture-positive cases[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J,2010,29:1123-1128.
- [31]Ballock RT,Newton PO,Evans SJ,et al.A comparison of early versus late conversion from intravenous to oral therapy in the treatment of septic arthritis[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2009,29:636-642.
- [32]Peltola H,Paakkonen M,Kallio P,et al.Osteomyelitis-Septic Arthritis(OM-SA)Study Group.Prospective,randomized trial of 10days versus 30 days of antimicrobial treatment,including a shortterm course of parenteral therapy,for childhood septic arthritis[J].Clin Infect Dis,2009,48:1201-1210.
- [33]Harel L,Prais D,Bar-On E,et al.Dexamethasone therapy for septic arthritis in children:results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2011,31:211-215.
- [34]El-Sayed AM.Treatment of early septic arthritis of the hip in children:comparison of results of open arthrotomy versus arthroscopic drainage[J].J Child Orthop,2008,2:229-237.
- [35]Journeau P,Wein F,Popkov D,et al.Hip septic arthritis in children:assessment of treatment using needle aspiration/irrigation[J].Orthop Traumatol Surg Res,2011,97:308-313.
- [36]Paakkonen M,Kallio MJ,Peltola H,et al.Pediatric septic hip with or without arthrotomy:retrospective analysis of 62 consecutive nonneonatal culture-positive cases[J].J Pediatr Orthop B,2010,19:264-269.
- [37]樊靖,张湘生,万军,等.外固定器治疗儿童胫骨慢性骨髓炎后骨缺损和肢体短缩[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2012,2:112-115.
- [38]Sukswai P,Kovitvanitcha D,Thumkunanon V,et al.Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children:clinical characteristics and outcomes study[J].J Med Assoc Thai,2011,3:209-216.
- [39]Vander Have KL,Karmazyn B,Verma M,et al.Community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in acute musculoskeletal infection in children:a game changer[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2009,29:927-931.
- [40]唐辉,徐永清,郑天娥,等.耐药金黄色葡萄球菌注射总量对兔感染性骨缺损形成的影响[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2009,9:700-703.
- [41]Bouchoucha S,Benghachame F,Trifa M,et al.Deep venous thrombosis associated with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children[J].Orthop Traumatol Surg Res,2010,96:890-893.
- [42]Mantadakis E,Plessa E,Vouloumanou EK,et al.Deep venous thrombosis in children with musculoskeletal infections:the clinical evidence[J].Int J Infect Dis,2012,16:236-243.
- [43]Belthur MV,Birchansky SB,Verdugo AA,et al.Pathologic fractures in children with acute staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,2012,94:34-42.