儿童肱骨髁上骨折诊断与治疗进展
康宇翔;卫小春;
摘要(Abstract):
<正>肱骨髁上骨折是儿童最常见的肘部骨折,发生率约占肘部骨折的65%,全身骨折的3%[1]。多见于5~7岁儿童,以非优势侧多见,男女发生率基本相等[2]。此类骨折常合并有神经血管损伤,并且,如果处理不当,易遗留肘关节强直僵硬、肘内翻等畸形,
关键词(KeyWords): 髁上骨折;诊断;治疗;进展
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 康宇翔;卫小春;
Email:
DOI:
参考文献(References):
- [1]Otsuka NY,Kasser JR.Supracondylar fractures of the humerus inchildren[J].J Am Acad Orthop Surg,1997,5:19-26.
- [2]Omid R,Choi PD,Skaggs DL.Supracondylar humeral fractures inchildren[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,2008,5:1121-1132.
- [3]杨建平.儿童肱骨髁上骨折的现代处理[J].中华创伤骨科,2009,4:302-305.
- [4]胥少汀,葛宝丰,徐印坎.实用骨科学[M].3版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2011:421-422.
- [5]Kasser J,Beaty J.Supracondylar fractures of the distal humerus[M]//Beaty JH,Kasser J.Rockwood and Green's fractures in chil-dren,ed 6.Philadelphia,PA:Lippincott Williams&Wilkins,2006:543-589.
- [6]Babal JC,Mehlman CT,Klein G.Nerve injuries associated with pedi-atric supracondylar humeral fractures:a meta-analysis[J].J Pedi-atr Orthop,2010,3:253-263.
- [7]Abzug JM,Herman MJ.Management of supracondylar humerus frac-tures in children:current concepts[J].J Am Acad Orthop Surg,2012,20:69-77.
- [8]Howard A,Mulpuri K.The treatment of pediatric supracondylar hu-merus fractures[J].J Am Acad Orthop Surg,2012,20:320-327.
- [9]Skaggs DL,Mirzayan R.The posterior fat pad sign in association withoccult fracture of the elbow in children[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,1999,10:1429-1433.
- [10]Houshian S,Mehdi B,Larsen MS.The epidemiology of elbow frac-ture in children:analysis of 355 fractures,with special reference tosupracondylar humerus fractures[J].J Orthop Sci,2001,4:312-315.
- [11]Leitch KK,Kay RM,Femino JD,et al.Treatment of multidirection-ally unstable supracondylar humeral fractures in children:a modifiedGartland type-Ⅳfracture[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,2006,5:980-985.
- [12]Lee BJ,Lee SR,Kim ST,et al.Radiographic outcomes after treat-ment of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures using a treatment-based classification system[J].J Orthop Trauma,2011,25:18-25.
- [13]Camus T,MacLellan B,Cook PC,et al.Extension typeⅡpediatricsupracondylar humerus fractures:a radiographic outcomes study ofclosed reduction and cast immobilization[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2011,31:366-371.
- [14]Kocher MS,Kasser JR,Waters PM,et al.Lateral entry comparedwith medial and lateral entry pin fixation for completely displaced su-pracondylar humeral fractures in children[J].J Bone Joint SurgAm,2007,89:706-712.
- [15]徐华梓,池永龙,毛方敏,等.Baumann角测量的意义及其影响因素[J].中华小儿外科杂志,1997,5:295-297.
- [16]Griffet J,Abou Daher A,Breaud J,et al.Systematic percutaneouspinning of displaced extension-type supra-condylar fractures of thehumerus in children:a prospective study of 67 patients[J].Eur JOrthop Surg Traumatol,2004,14:214.
- [17]Beck JD,Riehl JT,Moore BE,et al.Risk factors for failed closed re-duction of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures[J].J OrthopAm,2012,10:1492-1496.
- [18]Parikh SN,Wall EJ,Foad S,et al.Displaced typeⅡextension su-pracondylar humerus fractures:do they all need pinning[J].J Pedi-atr Orthop,2004,4:380-384.
- [19]顾玉东,杨建平.Gartland II型肱骨髁上骨折应如何治疗[J].中华创伤骨科杂志,2009,10:974-976.
- [20]Walmsley PJ,Kelly MB,Robb JE,et al.Delay increases the needfor open reduction of type-III supracondylar fractures of the humerus[J].J Bone Joint Surg Br,2006,4:528-530.
- [21]Bales JG,Spencer HT,Wong MA,et al.The effects of surgical de-lay on the outcome of pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures[J].JPediatr Orthop,2010,8:785-791.
- [22]Srikumaran U,Tan EW,Belkoff SM,et al.Enhanced biomechanicalstiffness with large pins in the operative treatment of pediatric supra-condylar humerus fractures[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2012,2:201-205.
- [23]Patarawan W,Chanika A,Sasivimol R,et al.Meta-analysis of pin-ning in supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children[J].J Or-thop Trauma,2012,26:48-53.
- [24]Hamdi A,Poitras P,Louati H,et al.Biomechanical analysis of later-al pin placements for pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2010,30:135-139.
- [25]Lee SS,Mahar AT,Miesen D,et al.Displaced pediatric supracon-dylar humerus fractures:biomechanical analysis of percutaneous pin-ning techniques[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2002,22:440-443.
- [26]Edmonds EW,Roocroft JH,Mubarak SJ.Treatment of displaced ped-iatric supracondylar humerus fracture patterns requiring medial fixa-tion:a reliable and safer cross-pinning technique[J].J Pediatr Or-thop,2012,32:346-351.
- [27]Gottschalk HP,Sagoo D,Glaser D,et al.Biomechanical analysis ofpin placement for pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures:doesstarting point,pin size,and number matter[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2012,32:445-451.
- [28]Zaltz I,Waters PM,Kasser JR.Ulnar nerve instability in children[J].J Pediatr Orthop,1996,16:567-569.
- [29]Srikumaran U,Tan EW,Erkula G,et al.Pin size influences sagittalalignment in percutaneously pinned pediatric supracondylar humerusfractures[J].J Pediatr Orthop,2010,30:792.
- [30]Lee YH,Lee SK,Kim BS.Three lateral divergent or parallel pin fixa-tions for the treatment of displaced supracondylar humerus ractures inchildren[J].J Pediatr Onhop,2008,28:417-422.
- [31]郭学德,梁西俊.不同类型儿童肱骨髁上骨折的治疗探讨[J].中国微创外科杂志,2011,3:253-255.
- [32]徐宏文,李旭,刘佳,等.经肘横纹前方入路治疗儿童GantlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折[J].中华创伤骨科杂志,2009,9:805-808.
- [33]Ramesh P,Avadhani A,Shetty AP,et al.Management of acute'pinkpulseless'hand in pediatric supracondylar fractures of the humerus[J].J Pediatric Orthop,2011,20:124-128.
- [34]Sabharwal S,Tredwell SJ,Beauchamp RD,et al.Management ofpulseless pink hand in pediatric supracondylar fractures of humerus[J].J Pediatr Orthop,1997,17:303-310.
- [35]White L,Mehlman CT,Crawford AH.Perfused,pulseless,and puz-zling:a systematic review of vascular injuries in pediatric supracondy-lar humerus fractures and results of a POSNA questionnaire[J].JPediatr Orthop,2010,4:328-335.
- [36]Blakey CM,Biant LC,Birch R.Ischaemia and the pink,pulselesshand complicating supracondylar fractures of the humerus in child-hood:long-term follow-up[J].J Bone Joint Surg Br,2009,11:1487-1492.
- [37]Johnson D,Ellis H.Pectoral girdle and upper limb[M]//StandringE.Gray's anatomy:the anatomical basis of clinical practice.39thed.Edinburgh:Churchill Livingstone,2004:859-869.