应用脊髓造影计算机断层扫描技术评价青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者顶椎区置钉的风险Evaluation of the apical pedicle screws placement venture in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by computed tomography myelograhy
王春强;宋文慧;晏礼;张鹏;韩来春;马迅;
摘要(Abstract):
[目的]分析青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)顶椎区凸凹侧脊髓偏移空间及其规律,并探讨临床意义。[方法]回顾性分析本院29例AIS患者并在其横断面脊髓造影的计算机断层扫描(computed tomography myelograhy,CTM)图像上测量顶椎区脊髓中心到凸、凹侧硬膜囊及椎弓根内侧壁的距离,计算凸凹侧脊髓的偏移空间,和椎体、脊髓的旋转角度,并以Cobb角大小为依据,将其分为A组(40°~50°),B组(50°~70°),C组(>70°)等三组,分别测量各组以上数据,分析脊髓偏移空间在不同的Cobb角度间的变化趋势以及凹侧脊髓偏移空间与Cobb角之间的相关性,借此定量分析顶椎区置钉的可能性。[结果]脊髓在顶椎区凸侧的偏移空间明显大于凹侧的偏移空间(P<0.01)。在凹侧,A组脊髓偏移空间与B组脊髓偏移空间、B组脊髓偏移空间与C组脊髓偏移空间、A组脊髓偏移空间与C组脊髓偏移空间,各组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。凹侧脊髓偏移空间与Cobb角、椎体旋转角度、脊髓旋转角度之间均呈负相关(分别为r=-0.93,P<0.01;r=-0.77,P<0.01;r=-0.67,P<0.01),也即侧弯角越大,凹侧脊髓偏移空间越小。而脊髓旋转角度与椎体旋转角度呈正相关(为r=0.95,P<0.01)。[结论]Cobb角<70°时,凹侧脊髓偏移空间较大,可以安全置钉;但是在>70°时,因为凹侧脊髓偏移空间较小甚至消失,不主张此类患者顶椎区置钉。而CTM检查的应用,对术前评估和降低术中风险有提示意义,必要时可以列为常规检查。
关键词(KeyWords): 顶椎置钉;青少年特发性脊柱侧凸;脊髓偏移空间;脊髓造影计算机断层扫描技术
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 王春强;宋文慧;晏礼;张鹏;韩来春;马迅;
Email:
DOI:
参考文献(References):
- [1]方秀统,李明,赵颖川,等.连续置钉或间隔置钉矫治LenkeⅠ型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的效果[J].中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2010,20:367-370.
- [2]曹洪海,张永刚,王征,等.全椎弓根螺钉技术后路节段内固定治疗青少年特发性脊柱胸腰段和腰段脊柱侧凸[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2012,20:652-653.
- [3]Li G,Lv G,Passias P,et al.Complications associated with thoracicpedicle screws in spinal deformity[J].Eur Spine J,2010,19:1576-1584.
- [4]Kim YJ,Lenke LG,Bridwell KH,et al.Free hand pedicle screwplacement in the thoracic spine:is it safe[J].Spine(Phila Pa1976),2004,29:333-342.
- [5]Suk SI,Kim WJ,Lee SM,et al.Thoracic pedicle screw fixation in spi-nal deformities:are they really safe[J].Spine(Phila Pa 1976),2001,26:2049-2057.
- [6]Liljenqvist UR,Allkemper T,Hackenberg I,et al.Analysis of verte-bral morphology in idiopathic scoliosis with use of magnetic resonanceimaging and multiplanar reconstruction[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,2002,84:359-368.
- [7]孙旭,邱勇,朱泽章,等.青少年特发性胸椎侧凸患者的脊髓偏移及临床意义[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2007,15:1617-1620.
- [8]侯刚,陈建庭,张宇,等.青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者顶椎区脊髓位置变化及其临床意义[J].中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2009,19:894-898.
- [9]Ho EK,Upadhyay SS,Chan FL,et al.New methods of measuring ver-tebral rotation from computed tomographic scans:an intraobserverand interobserver study on girls with scoliosis[J].Spine(Phile Pa1976),1993,18:1173-1177.
- [10]Dohn P,Vialle R,Thévenin-Lemoine C,et al.Assessing the rotationof the spinal cord in idiopathic scoliosis:a preliminary report of MRIfeasibility[J].Chlids Nerv Syst,2009,25:479-483.
- [11]马原,高帅,王鑫,等.连续性置钉矫正脊柱侧凸效果临床分析[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2011,19:1781-1783.
- [12]赵晓芳,孙先润,刘伟,等.选择性椎弓根置钉矫形治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2011,19:1972-1975.
- [13]张伟,朱晓东,吴大江,等.置钉密度与Lenke1型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸矫正率的相关性[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2011,19:558-561.
- [14]郑欣,王渭君,钱邦平,等.顶椎置钉与否对Lenke1型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸矫形效果的影响[J].中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2012,22:707-711.
- [15]邱勇.特发性胸椎脊柱侧凸矫形椎弓跟螺钉误置的危险因素[J].脊柱外科杂志,2010,8:65-66.
- [16]Song KJ,Choi BW,Kim GH,et al.Clinical usefulness of CT-myelo-gram comparing with the MRI in degenerative cervical spinal disor-ders:is CTM still useful for primary diagnostic tool[J].J Spinal Dis-ord Tech,2009,22:353-357.
- [17]Morita M,Miyauchi A,Okuda S,et al.Comparison between MRI andmyelography in lumbar spinal canal stenosis for the decision of levelsof decompression surgery[J].J Spinal Disord Tech,2011,24:31-36.
- [18]Ogura H,Miyamoto K,Fukuta S,et al.Comparison of magnetic reso-nance imaging and computed tomography-myelography for quantita-tive evaluation of lumbar intracanalar cross-section[J].Yonsei MedJ,2011,52:137-144.